Orchids, belonging to the family Orchidaceae exhibit an incredible range of diversity in size, shape and colour of their flowers. They occupy top position amongst all the flowering plants and are valued for cut flower production and as potted plants. They are known for their long lasting and bewitchingly beautiful flowers, which fetch a high price in the international market. Taxonomically, they represent the most highly evolved family amongst monocotyledons with more than 800 genera and 25,000-35,000 species in the world and the present figure of the hybrids among these touches around 100,000. Since the early 1970’s, different groups in various Universities and Research Institutions have been working on ethnobotany and traditional knowledge in orchids and published many reports. Most of the literature pertains to ethnobotany or agricultural operations including shifting of cultivation and festivals of NorthEastern region of India where orchids flower throughout the year. The present paper reports the detailed information on ethnobotanical and traditional knowledge system undertaken by various workers from the NorthEastern region with rich plant resources and the vast wealth available with the various tribes in the region. Status of important orchids and their economic value are also mentioned here along with suggestions required for harnessing the rich bio-resources and translating the same into economic products.