Infomation on taxon names, ie. names of genus and species, date of collection, altitude, loristic region, and habitat collected; and also habit on the data label of each orchid specimen in the National Herbarium (ETH) were recorded and analyzed. The study showed that orchid specimens comprise 1% of the total vascular plant collections in the herbarium. The trend of orchid collections shows variation in magnitude in the last fifty years of collection history. The number of specimens representing the generá and species are relatively proportional to the diversity of the taxa in orchid flora of the Ethiopia and Eritrea. Few of the genera (5 out of the 37 genera, 13.5%) and some of the species (13 Out of the 167 species, 7.8%) that occur in the fiora area have no herbarium record. Among the filoristic regions defined in the fora area: Upland Shewa (ca. 160). Welega (ca. 125), Kefa (ca. 106), and Sidamo (ca. 107) are relatively better collected and represented than the rest Afar and Ertrea East have no record for orchid specimen. The alttudinal distribution of specimens recorded is very wide ranging from 300 to above 3000 m. a. s.l. with maximum concentration (ca. 123) between 1800 to 2100 m. The majority of the collections are of the terestrial orchids (73.8%) inhabiting dry and wet habitats and the remaining ones are epiphytes of forests and woodlands. The specimens of endemic species are poorly represented; 28.6% of them are lacking records. This assessment highlights that collection of orchids from the flora area is not complete. Hence, more targeted collections and explorations to the species and regions have been suggested in order to better understand orchids in the ffora area. This work is expected to stimulate further taxonomic and conservation research of the orchids.