THE FAMILY Orchidaceae is one of the most advanced and largest families of angiosperms comprising of about 28,484 species (Govaerts et al., 2017), and has always been interesting to evolutionary biologists because of its remarkable floral forms and diversity in pollination systems (Darwin, 1877). In India, the Eastern Himalayas (including the NorthEast India), the Western Ghats, and the Western Himalayas are the three major centers of orchid diversity, with a total strength of about 1,256 species of orchids in 155 genera (Singh et al., 2019). The great geographic expanse of the country encompassing a variety of bioclimatic zones and the enormous diversity of ecosystems account for the bewildering array of orchid species in India. The tremendous floral diversity and evolutionary radiation of orchid species is often linked to their intimate pollinator relationships with 60-70% of orchid species being dependent on discrete pollinator lineages or even single species (Cozzolino and Widmer, 2005). The highly specialized reproductive organs and exquisite structure adapted to insect pollination are amazing. The mutual beneficial relationship between plants and pollinators is common in ecosystems (Pal et al., 2019). However, a considerable number of angiosperm species do not provide rewards for pollinators, and have instead developed deception mechanisms to allure insects to visit their flowers and these insects complete pollination process without receiving anything, in return. This is known as deceptive pollination (Goodrich and Jurgens, 2018). No-reward pollination mechanisms have been recorded in at least 32 angiosperm families, including 7,500 species, of which 6,500 belong to Orchidaceae (Jersakova et al., 2006). Such a large number of deceptive pollination species being concentrated in one family has attracted much attention from a diverse range of researchers in plant systematics, pollination biology, and evolutionary biology (Renner, 2006; Schiestl, 2015). Nearly one-third of Orchidaceae plants rely on deceptive pollination, which might be one of the important reasons for the diversity of orchids (Stokstad, 2015). The orchids use or manipulate insect behavior, including foraging, mating, oviposition, and inhabiting, and have evolved various deceptive pollination mechanisms. Common types include generalized food deception, batesian mimicry, sexual deception, oviposition mimicry, and habitat mimicry, of which the first three are the most common (Cozzolino and Widmer, 2005; Scopece et al., 2010, 2017). Generalized food deception refers to the fact that orchids provide false food signals to insects, such as false pollen or spur without nectar, to trick insects to forage on flowers, and complete the process of pollination. If the orchid mimics a particular rewarding and synchronized flowering plant, this deception is termed batesian mimicry.